Politik Dinasti dan Desentralisasi

Abstract

Makalah ini ingin mengeksplorasi politik dinasti di tiga kabupaten/kota, yakni (1) Kota Medan (2) Kab. Deli Serdang dan (3) Kabupaten Samosir. Dinasti berkembang ketika kebijakan desentralisasi diterapkan di Indonesia pasca reformasi 1998. Desentralisasi dianggap telah melahirkan 'raja-raja ‘ kecil di daerah. Mendoza mendefinisikan politik dinasti ― referstomembersofthesamefamily occupying elected positions either in sequence for the same position, orsimultaneously acrossdifferentpositions.‖ Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan paradigma kualitatif mengandalkan peneliti sebagai pengumpul data melalui wawancara mendalam. Observasi dan penelusuran referensi yang relevan juga dilakukan untuk melengkapi data penelitian.Temuan riset menunjukkan politik dinasti belum terbangun. Untuk Medan, dinasti politik tidak terbangun karena pertama, kasus korupsi dua walikota terdahulu membuat dinasti yang belum kokoh runtuh perlahan. Kedua, biaya politik pilkada yang tinggi membuat politik transaksional lebih mengemuka. Ketiga, pluralisme kota Medan, memaksa walikota harus mengakomodasi keragaman yang ada. Sedangkan di Deli Serdang, kendati bupati terpilih (Ashari Tambunan) adalah adik mantan bupati dua periode (almarhum) Amri Tambunan, politik dinasti juga tidak terbentuk karena kabupaten ini juga heterogen dan sudah lama basis golkar dan kantong perkebunan. Dinasti di Samosir sempat tumbuh selama dua periode bupati Mangindar Simbolon berdasarkan margaisme. Implementasi UU No 8 Tahun 2015 Tentang Pemilukada, yang mensyaratkan calon kepala daerah tidak memiliki konflik kepentingan dengan petahana dan UU No 5 Tahun 2014 Tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara (Pasal 116), menyatakanPejabat Pembina Kepegawaian dilarang mengganti Pejabat Pimpinan Tinggi selama 2 (dua) tahun terhitung sejak pelantikan. Kebijakan ini signifikan membonsai dinasti politik di daerah   This paper desired to explore the dynastic politics in three districts / cities, namely (1) Medan City (2) Deli Serdang Regency and (3) Samosir Regency. The dynasty developed when decentralization policies were implemented in post-reform Indonesia in 1998. Decentralization is considered to have given birth to small 'kings' in the area. Mendoza defines dynastic politics - the philosophy of the concept of family occupying elected positions either in sequences for the same position, simultaneous across different propositions. This study used a qualitative paradigm approach to rely on researchers as data collectors through in-depth interviews. Observations and searches for relevant references were also carried out to complement the research data. Research findings showed that dynastic politics had not yet been established. For Medan, the political dynasty was not built because firstly, the corruption case of the two previous mayors made a dynasty that had not yet firmly fallen slowly. Secondly, the high political costs of regional elections made transactional politics more prominent. Thirdly, pluralism in Medan forced the mayor to accommodate the diversity that existed. Whereas in Deli Serdang, although the elected regent (Ashari Tambunan) was the younger brother of the former two-year regent (deceased) Amri Tambunan, the dynastic politics were also not formed because the district was also heterogeneous and had a long Golkar base and enclaves of plantations. The dynasty in Samosir had grown during the two periods of regent Mangindar Simbolon based on clanism. Implementation of Act No. 8 of 2015 concerning General Election, which requires the regional head candidates not to have a conflict of interest with defense and Act No. 5 of 2014 concerning State Civil Apparatus (Article 116), stating that Staff Development Officials are prohibited from replacing Echelon Officials for 2 (two) years since the inauguration. This policy significantly reduced political dynasties in the local area.