θoscillations in the rat hippocampus have been implicated in sensorimotor integration (Bland, 1986), especially during exploratory and wayfinding behavior. We propose that human cortical θ activity coordinates sensory information with a motor plan to guide wayfinding behavior to known goal locations. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed invasive recordings from epileptic patients while they performed a spatially immersive, virtual taxi driver task. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found θ oscillations during both exploratory search and goal-seeking behavior and, in particular, during virtual movement, when sensory information and motor planning were both in flux, compared with periods of self-initiated stillness. θ oscillations had different topographic and spectral characteristics during searching than during goal-seeking, suggesting that different cortical networks exhibit θ depending on which cognitive functions are driving behavior (spatial learning during exploration vs orienting to a learned representation during goal-seeking). In contrast, oscillations in the β band appeared to be related to simple motor planning, likely a variant of the Rolandic μ rhythm. These findings suggest that human cortical θ oscillations act to coordinate sensory and motor brain activity in various brain regions to facilitate exploratory learning and navigational planning.
CITATION STYLE
Caplan, J. B., Madsen, J. R., Schulze-Bonhage, A., Aschenbrenner-Scheibe, R., Newman, E. L., & Kahana, M. J. (2003). Human θ oscillations related to sensorimotor integration and spatial learning. Journal of Neuroscience, 23(11), 4726–4736. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.23-11-04726.2003
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