Climate change may increase Quebec boreal forest productivity in high latitudes by shifting its current composition

Abstract

Several recent studies point out that climate change is expected to influence boreal forest succession, disturbances, productivity, and mortality. However, the effect of climate change on those processes and their interactions is poorly understood. We used an ecophysiological-based mechanistic landscape model to study those processes and their interactions and predict the future productivity and composition under climate change scenarios (RCP) for 300 years (2010–2310). The effects of climate change and wildfires on forest composition, biomass carbon sequestration and storage, and mortality were assessed in three management units of Quebec boreal forest, distributed along a longitudinal gradient from west to east: North-of-Quebec (MU1), Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean (MU2), and Côte-Nord region (MU3). Coniferous mortality variation was explained by competitive exclusion and wildfires, which are related to climate change. In the studied MU, we found a decrease in coniferous pure occupancy at the landscape scale and an increase in mixed deciduous forests in MU1 and MU2, and an increase in mixed coniferous, mainly black spruce and balsam fir in MU3. On the other hand, for extreme scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), in the absence of broadleaves dispersal, the open woodland occupancy could increase to more than 8, 22, and 10% in MU1, MU2, and MU3 respectively. Also, climate change might increase overall biomass carbon stock two times for RCP2.6 and RCP4.5 scenarios compared to the baseline this may be explained by the extension of the growing season and the reduction of potential cold-temperature injuries. Generally, western regions were more sensitive to climate changes than the eastern regions (MU3), in fact under RCP8.5 biomass carbon stock will be decreasing in the long-term for MU1 compared to the current climate. This study provides a good starting point to support future research on the multiple factors affecting forest C budget under global change.