How to Peer Review Quantitative Studies, Qualitative Studies, and Literature Reviews: Considerations from the ‘Other’ Side

Abstract

Purpose of review: The main research approaches in the field of addiction include qualitative studies, quantitative studies, and literature reviews. Researchers tend to have specific expertise in one, or perhaps two of these approaches, but are frequently asked to peer review studies using approaches and methods in which they are less well versed. This review aims to provide guidance to peer reviewers by summarizing key issues to attend to when reviewing studies of each approach. Recent findings: A diverse range of research approaches are utilised in the study of addiction including quantitative, qualitative, and literature reviews. In this paper, we outline reporting standards for each research approach, and summarize how data are collected, analyzed, reported, and interpreted, as a guide for peer-reviewers to assess the robustness of studies. Summary: Providing a good peer review requires that careful attention is paid to the specific requirements of the methods used. General principles of clarity around an evidence-based rationale, data collection and analysis, and careful interpretation remain fundamental, regardless of the method used. Reviews should be balanced and fair and based on the research and associated reporting requirements for the method used.