Potential of Dendrobium spp. Secondary Metabolites as Medicinal Source for SARS-CoV-2

Abstract

Coronaviruses have long been a severe issue due to their capacity to mutate and infect the respiratory tract. Dendrobium orchids are the most diverse orchid species in Indonesia. Polysaccharides, bibenzyl, phenanthrene, coumarin, sesquiterpenoids, alkaloids, and steroids were among the phytochemical substances discovered in Dendrobium spp. On a group of alkaloids, flavonoid, and terpenoid, Dendrobium's anti-coronavirus action has been thoroughly researched in silico, in vitro, and in vivo. Secondary metabolites were evaluated on methanolic extracts of Dendrobium phalaenopsis and Dendrobium lineale leaves in this study. In a computer simulation, antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 was also discovered. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used to determine the concentration of alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids in dried leaf extracts of D. phalaenopsis and D. lineale. The online Covid-19 Docking Server (https://ncov.schanglab.org.cn/index.php) was used as an autodocking molecular docking tool to find potential secondary metabolites of Dendrobium spp. as SARS-CoV-2 antiviral. Screening of the leaves of Dendrobium phalaenopsis and Dendrobium lineale using methanolic extracts revealed positive results for alkaloid, flavonoid, and terpenoid content. According to the results of molecular docking, Medioresinol, (+)-Lirioresinol B, Acanthoside B, Dendrocandin B, Denthyrsinone, and Dendroside D had the lowest affinity energy.