Ethical Issues of Artificial Intelligence in Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has permeated various branches of clinical medicine, with promising applications in predictive, diagnostic and therapeutic areas. Digital innovations are increasingly useful in the management of non communicable diseases in the form of tracking applications, data collection systems (EMRs) and wearable sensors. Globally, diabetes mellitus is the most common and serious non communicable disease. There is a mismatch between the people with diabetes and the number of healthcare professionals needed to manage them. Therefore, artificial intelligence has the potential to play a significant role in addressing the unmet need. Majority of AI applications have been developed for the diabetes population. Ethical issues arising from the application can be carried over to its application in other areas of clinical medicine. Among diabetic population, artificial intelligence has been prominently employed in screening for diabetic retinopathy. Continuous glucose monitoring and insulin pumps are other areas of application. Data collection and sharing through AI media can ease the burden of poor doctor-patient ratio, and improve efficacy of treatment. Despite its advantages, and the fact that citizen juries have been found to be favourable towards the use of AI in research and treatment, certain drawbacks continue to exist. With the threat of data theft and breach of privacy, due diligence must be given to ethical and legal aspects to protect the patient. It is acknowledged that AI can facilitate the decision making process but not entirely replace a physician's role. With able governing laws, systems to protect safety, minimize bias and improve transparency, AI and precision medicine could help control the burden of disease.