Manejo do paciente com transtornos relacionados ao uso de substância psicoativa na emergência psiquiátrica

Abstract

Objective: Substance use disorders are prevalent in the emergency departments of medical and psychiatric services, accounting for up to 28% of cases in medical emergency departments. However, emergency department professionals identify less than 50% of the cases of alcohol-related problems. This article aims to provide evidence-based interventions for the specific treatment of patients who meet diagnostic criteria for substance use disorders and who present to emergency rooms during intoxication or withdrawal. Method: A literature review was performed on the Medline database, using the English descriptors "acute intoxication", "withdrawal", "alcohol", "cocaine", "cannabis", "opioid", "inhalant", and "management". Results and Conclusion: The management of patients with substance use disorders should include a comprehensive assessment (medical and psychiatric), treatment of diagnosed disorders (withdrawal, intoxication, and clinical features that characterize an emergency), awareness of the patient to start treatment if necessary, and referral.