Molecular orbital energy level modulation through incorporation of selenium and fluorine into conjugated polymers for organic photovoltaic cells

Abstract

We demonstrated an effective chemical approach to modulate the energy levels of conjugated polymers by synergistically combining fluorine substitution and thiophene-selenophene exchange. Such modifications from TQ1 resulted in a significantly enhanced open-circuit voltage up to 1.0 V while retaining high photovoltaic performance. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013.