Chromium

Abstract

Hexavalent chromium (salt) is a form of chromium responsible for sensitization and contact dermatitis in chromate allergy. Exposure to chromium is often occupational and is commonly seen among building workers handling cement, leather workers, electroplaters, welders, and painters. Addition of ferrous sulfate has reduced the incidence of chromate allergy in the Scandinavian countries, since it decreases the concentration of hexavalent chromate in cement. Simple office-based tests are helpful in detecting chromium in objects. Patch testing with chromate (in chromium-sensitive subjects) to detect the minimum elicitation threshold (MET) is best done by using serial dilutions of Cr(III) and Cr(VI). Chromium can cause lipid peroxidation, nephrotoxicity and affect the immune system. Reduction or elimination of exposure is the best method of prevention of chromium-induced contact allergy.