Active pixel sensor multielectrode array for high spatiotemporal resolution

Abstract

Among the different methodologies used for electrophysiological measures in the brain, electrodes have played an undisputed role in high-quality intracellular signal recordings from a few neurons and in chronic extracellular measures with electrodearray probes implanted in the brain. Electrode arrays providing multisite extracellular measures have become a key methodology in neuroscience for studying coding and transmission of information by neuronal ensembles [ 1 ] and for the development of Brain–Machine Interfaces (BMIs) and neural prosthetics [ 2 – 8 ]. This is mainly because electrode arrays combine the unique features of bidirectionality (i.e., recording and stimulation), long-term stability (up to years), and of a large signal bandwidth that enables recordings of action potentials from multiple neurons as well as low-frequency field potentials (LFPs).