Mesenchymal stem cells for stroke therapy

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) from different sources have been tested in experimental ischemic stroke and been proved effective in many studies. More understanding of the underlying mechanisms for MSC therapy is essential for improving the therapeutic efficacy and ameliorating or avoiding side effects. In this chapter, we reviewed progress in the field that includes the following aspects: (1) the neurotrophic and immunomodulatory functions of MSCs, the two main mechanisms through which MSCs exert effects in stroke treatment; (2) the aging and senescence of MSCs and their influence on outcome; (3) how autologous MSCs derived from diseased patients may affect the therapeutic effects; (4) different sources of MSCs and comparison of their effects in therapy; and (5) time of transplantation and the delivery methods.