Current Strategies in Metallurgical Advances of Rotary NiTi Instruments: A Review

Abstract

Endodontic instruments made of NiTi shape-memory alloy have had a revolutionary impact on root canal treatment. This development has fostered a significant amount of research that is focused on enhancing metallic properties to improve clinical performance and safety which will significantly affect the outcome of root canal shaping and cleaning. The mechanical properties of nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments are influenced by factors such as cross-section, flute design, raw material, and manufacturing processes. The integration of surface engineering (implantation or electropolishing) and/or microstructure control (heat treatment or innovative manufacturing techniques) into the endodontic file design has resulted in more favorable outcomes for instrument flexibility, fatigue resistance and cutting efficiency. This review will address the modifications in the metallurgy of the contemporary endodontic NiTi rotary instruments.