Clinical correlation between tumor maximal standardized uptake value in metabolic imaging and metastatic tumor characteristics in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer

Abstract

This study aimed to elucidate whether the maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of primary tumors in metabolic imaging correlated with pathological or metastatic characteristics and whether it was prognostic in stage IV nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 412 eligible patients between June 2007 and January 2013. All enrolled patients fulfilled the following criteria: they were newly diagnosed with stage IV NSCLC without any previous treatment and had undergone a systemic evaluation, including 18(F)-Fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography, to assess synchronous metastatic sites. Patient and tumor characteristics were analyzed, and clinical correlations between SUVmax and metastatic features were investigated. The median age of the study population was 65 years (range, 30-94), and 259 (62.9%) patients were male. The median SUVmax was statistically higher in males, in tumors with squamous cell histology, and in poorly differentiated tumors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that SUVmax ≥ 11.4 (top 30 percentiles) were significantly correlated with positive lymph node status (odds ratio [OR] 3.473), abdomen/pelvis metastasis (OR 1.949), and the absence of bone metastasis (OR 0.399) in the subgroup of nonsquamous NSCLC (n = 343). In Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, overall survival was significantly lower among cohorts with high SUVmax (≥11.4) than with low SUVmax (<11.4) (P < 0.001, median 7.4 months vs 12.1 months). The tumors with different SUVmax have distinctive metastatic and biological features in stage IV NSCLC. The underlying mechanisms of this unique metabolic biology need to be resolved in future studies.