Electroconvulsive therapy: Research from India

Abstract

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been one of the most controversial treatment methods in psychiatry for past several decades. Since its inception in 1938, the practice of ECT has undergone quite a few improvements, including use of modified treatments and brief-pulse methods of administration. Though there is considerable variation in the rates and practice of administration of ECT worldwide, evidence has shown that it is a safe and effective treatment when used properly. ECT is primarily used for treatment of depression, less often for schizophrenia and mania. It is mostly used in very severe, treatment-resistant states. ECT is used quite frequently in developing countries. Research from India has established the efficacy of ECT in depression, schizophrenia, catatonia and mania. The practice of ECT has also been extensively investigated, as have the mechanisms underlying its effect. There is also some literature on the awareness and perceptions of patients and family members concerning the treatment. Ethical and legal aspects of administering the treatment have been widely debated as well.