Parameter genetik karakter dan seleksi 82 genotipe ercis di dataran rendah

Abstract

AbstrakErcis (Pisum sativum L.) ialah salah satu tanaman dari famili Fabaceae dan tergolong tanaman legume yang memiliki nilai ekonomi cukup tinggi. Studi pemuliaan tanaman pada ercis ditujukan untuk mendapat hasil yang optimal di berbagai wilayah penanaman, salah satunya dataran rendah. Keberhasilan program seleksi memerlukan parameter genetik seperti keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas karakter 82 genotipe ercis dan menentukan genotipe yang berpotensi dikembangkan di dataran rendah. Percobaan dilaksanakan berdasarkan rancangan augmented design dengan 82 genotipe uji dan tiga pembanding (cek). Karakter yang memiliki keragaman luas dan heritabilitas tinggi terdapat pada karakter bobot brangkasan daun, bobot brangkasan batang, bobot polong kering per tanaman, dan bobot biji kering per tanaman. Genotipe-genotipe yang terseleksi di dataran rendah berdasarkan karakter bobot polong kering per tanaman dan bobot biji kering per tanaman ialah 03(16)(2)-1, Batu-1-1 dan Batu-2.Kata Kunci: Ercis, keragaman genetik, heritabilitas, seleksi, dataran rendah AbstractPea (Pisum sativum L.) is one of plants from Fabaceae family and belongs to legume crop that have high economic value. Plant breeding studies on pea are intended to obtain optimal yield in various cultivation areas, one of which is in lowland. The success of selection program requires genetic parameters such as genetic variability and heritability. The purpose of this study was to know the genetic variability and heritability of 82 pea genotypes and select the genotypes to be developed in lowland. The experiment was conducted based on the augmented design with 82 pea genotypes tested and three checks. The characters that have wide variability and high value of heritability were found in characteristics of weight of dry leaves, weight of dry stem, dry pods per plant weight and dry seeds per plant weight. The selected pea genotypes in lowland based on characteristics of dry pods per plant weight and dry seeds per plant weight were 03(16)(2)-1, Batu-1-1 and Batu-2.Keywords: Pea, genetic variability, heritability, selection, lowland