Life Course Violence: Child Maltreatment, IPV, and Elder Abuse Phenotypes in a US Chinese Population

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To examine the associations between violence experiences including phenotypes (psychological, physical/sexual abuse, financial exploitation, caregiver neglect) of child maltreatment (CM), intimate partner violence (IPV), and elder abuse (EA). DESIGN: Cross-sectional data collected during 2011-2013. SETTING: US Chinese community in Chicago, Illinois. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 3157 community-dwelling older adults (aged ≥60 y). MEASUREMENTS: Cases of CM, IPV, and EA. RESULTS: Prevalence of violence was 11.4% for CM (physical/sexual = 10.2%; psychological = 2.4%), 6.5% for IPV (psychological = 5.3%; physical/sexual = 2.8%), and 15.2% for EA (caregiver neglect = 11.2%; psychological = 9.8%; financial exploitation = 9.3%; physical/sexual = 1.2%). After adjusting for potential confounding variables, CM psychological was associated with increased risks for IPV psychological (odds ratio [OR] = 7.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.29-13.45), IPV physical/sexual (OR = 4.06; CI = 1.71-9.63), EA psychological (OR = 3.79; 95% CI = 2.20-6.51), and EA financial exploitation (OR = 2.07; 95% CI = 1.12-3.81). CM physical/sexual was associated with increased risks for IPV physical/sexual (OR = 1.86; 95% CI = 1.02-3.38), EA psychological (OR = 1.70; 95% CI = 1.20-2.42), and EA financial exploitation (OR = 2.38; 95% CI = 1.72-3.30). IPV psychological and physical/sexual were associated with 5 to 8 times increased risks for EA psychological, 6 to 9 times increased risks for EA physical/sexual, and 3 times increased risks for EA financial exploitation. CONCLUSION: Healthcare professionals working with older adults should be informed that a history of violence might further predispose a person to different types of EA. The cumulative impact of violence should also be considered when providing services or care to violence victims. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:S486–S492, 2019.