A Review of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (Covid-19): Immunopathogenesis, Molecular Biology and Clinical Aspects

Abstract

Background and Aim COVID-19, a viral respiratory disease. In this review study, we discuss about the genetic structure, pathogenic mechanism, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of COVID-19 based on the latest findings. Methods & Materials In this review study, the articles were searched in Medline database using kewwords such as “Coronavirus”, “COVID-19”, and “Respiratory infection”. Ethical Considerations Ethical principles in writing this article have been observed in accordance with the guidelines of the National Ethics Committee and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Results In December 2019, the unprecedented outbreak of pneumonia with unknown etiology began in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Its cause was a new coronavirus named “COVID-19” by the World Health Organization. This virus has high transmissibility and affects the lower respiratory tract. Research into the mechanism and treatment of COVID-19 is already underway, and new information is being provided every day, some of which are contradictory. COVID-19 is a serious and dangerous infectious disease and a significant threat to the health of the world, and should be prevented from spreading. Conclusion Since the exact mechanism of the COVID-19 has not been fully elucidated and no specific drug or vaccine has been developed for it, control is mainly based on the interruption of the transmission cycle.