Searching for Subsecond Stellar Variability with Wide-field Star Trails and Deep Learning

Abstract

We present a method that enables wide-field ground-based telescopes to scan the sky for subsecond stellar variability. The method has operational and image processing components. The operational component takes star trail images. Each trail serves as a light curve for its corresponding source and facilitates subexposure photometry. We train a deep neural network to identify stellar variability in wide-field star trail images. We use the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Photon Simulator to generate simulated star trail images and include transient bursts as a proxy for variability. The network identifies transient bursts on timescales down to 10 ms. We argue that there are multiple fields of astrophysics that can be advanced by the unique combination of time resolution and observing throughput that our method offers.