Disaster, Risk and Evolution of the Concept

Abstract

Disaster is a function of hazard, vulnerability and capacity. The subject of disaster has evolved over time, and the concept of risk reduction is an accepted trend globally in this regard. A number of recent literatures and reports supported the accelerated paradigm shift from response to disaster risk reduction in different countries. United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) has promoted the integrated concept of disaster risk reduction through five priority areas, known as Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA: 2005–2015). HFA is considered as the global framework of risk reduction, agreed by UN member states, with specific targets. Since the adoption of the HFA in 2005, a certain progress has been made in HFA implementation by national governments with support from international and regional agencies. At the same time, the need for comprehensive DRR approach, thus HFA implementation at local level, has been strongly recognized. Effective DRR relies on the efforts of many different stakeholders, including UN agencies, regional and international organizations, CSOs, private sectors, media and academics. The collaboration and cooperation among all stakeholders is crucial in order to improve the resilience of communities. Thus, local level implementation and multi-stakeholder collaboration are considered as the key aspects of disaster risk reduction.