Persistent organic pollutants in serum and breast milk of fertile-aged women

Abstract

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) can be transferred through the placenta and breast milk to the developing human offspring, carrying immediate and delayed health risks. We sought to evaluate potential levels of exposure to POPs during critical windows of development: pregnancy and lactation. Two cross-sectional studies were carried out in villages of the states of Sonora and Sinaloa in Mexico, where high levels of POPs have been detected through environmental and human monitoring. POPs were measured in the serum of 60 fertile-aged women in the first study. Breast milk POPs concentrations were measured in a pooled sample of 50 women in the second study. This may be the first study in Mexico to report breast milk dioxins’ and furans’ concentrations. The most commonly detected POPs in serum were: pentachloroanisole (71 %), PCB 205 (43 %), tetrachlorobenzenes (17-33 %), p,p’DDE (21 %), and toxic lindane by-products a-HCH or Β-HCH (15 %). Congeners of furans and dioxins with the highest concentrations in milk were 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF (3.42 pg/g) and OCDD (33.0 pg/g), respectively. The S PCDD/Fs found in this study was lower than in other studies. Both serum and milk samples of fertile-aged women suggest that p,p’DDE and PCB 180 are prevalent local POPs, among others, that may reach developing embryos and infants via the placenta and lactation. These results can serve as a starting point to determine potential levels of exposure to POPs in the most vulnerable stages of life and to evaluate concentration trends in the process of eliminating these compounds.