A technique for intra-procedural blood velocity quantitation using time-resolved 2D digital subtraction angiography

Abstract

Background: 2D digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is utilized qualitatively to assess blood velocity changes that occur during arterial interventions. Quantitative angiographic metrics, such as blood velocity, could be used to standardize endpoints during angiographic interventions. Purpose: To assess the accuracy and precision of a quantitative 2D DSA (qDSA) technique and to determine its feasibility for in vivo measurements of blood velocity. Materials and methods: A quantitative DSA technique was developed to calculate intra-procedural blood velocity. In vitro validation was performed by comparing velocities from the qDSA method and an ultrasonic flow probe in a bifurcation phantom. Parameters of interest included baseline flow rate, contrast injection rate, projection angle, and magnification. In vivo qDSA analysis was completed in five different branches of the abdominal aorta in two 50 kg swine and compared to 4D Flow MRI. Linear regression, Bland-Altman, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and chi squared tests were used to assess the accuracy and precision of the technique. Results: In vitro validation showed strong correlation between qDSA and flow probe velocities over a range of contrast injection and baseline flow rates (slope = 1.012, 95% CI [0.989,1.035], Pearson’s r = 0.996, p