Spectral analysis of heart rate variability before and during episodes of nocturnal ischaemia in patients with extensive coronary artery disease

Abstract

Spectral analysis of heart rate variability was used to assess autonomic nervous system activity associated with episodes of nocturnal myocardial ischaemia in 32 patients (20 men, age 58 ± 9 years) with extensive coronary artery disease. Twenty-four hour Holter tape recordings were analysed and spectral indexes of heart rate variability were computed by fast Fourier analysis on 2 min segments covering the period from 10 min before to 10 min after each nocturnal ischaemic episode, defined as ST segment depression ≥1 mm lasting at least 4 min. Spectral power was measured at low frequencies (LF: 0.06-0.10 Hz) and high frequencies (HF: 0.15-0.40 Hz) and the ratio LF/HF was calculated. Results Atotal of 30 episodes of nocturnal ischaemia were analysed. High frequency spectral power showed a clear decrease during the 10 min before the onset of ischaemia, remained steady until the end of the episode, and returned to normal by 6 min after. Low frequency spectral power fluctuated throughout the ischaemic episodes with no clear pattern of variation. The low/high frequency ratio reflected mainly the changes in high frequency. Conclusions Sympathetic predominance due to parasympathetic withdrawal is the principal change in autonomic nervous system activity associated with episodes of nocturnal ischaemia.