Amniotic immune biomarkers as risk factors in women with different symptoms of threatened late miscarriage

Abstract

Problem: To investigate risk factors that can help identify the possibility of pregnancy loss in threatened late miscarriage (TLM) patients with and without spontaneous uterine contractions. Method of study: Amniotic immune biomarkers (IL2β receptor, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL1β, and TNFα) were assayed, and “sludge” was assessed. Patients without intrauterine infections were treated and followed up until delivery, and pregnancy outcomes were recorded. The two groups were compared for the differences in biomarker levels and “sludge,” and the independent associations of biomarkers, “sludge,” and other maternal factors with late miscarriage were investigated. Results: The amniotic levels of IL2βR, IL8, and TNFα were higher in the group with contractions (P