Cytokinin signaling in plants

Abstract

Cytokinin is a plant hormone involved in almost every aspect of plant growth and development. Cytokinin signaling proceeds via a phosphorelay pathway that is similar to bacterial two-component systems. Cytokinin two-component elements include histidine kinase receptors, which are activated by cytokinin binding, phosphotransfer proteins, which shuttle the phosphoryl group from the receptors to the final elements of the pathway, the response regulators, which mediate the biological outputs.