Epidemiology of lumbar degenerative disk disease

Abstract

In the recent literature, DDD covers a wide spectrum of symptoms and radiological findings, from low back pain to acquired spinal canal stenosis and symptomatic herniated disk-related symptoms. Symptoms at first glance appear to result from the cumulative exposure of the spinal elements to excessive loading, sports, and principally work. However, this simple theory is not consistent with our contemporary understanding of developmental biology and genetics. A fundamental question arises too: Are we studying radiological aspects or real illness? This chapter focuses the modern concepts in the epidemiology of lumbar degenerative disk disease.