Digital Twin Paradigm Shift: The Journey of the Digital Twin Definition

Abstract

This paper examines the paradigm shift in the definition of the digital twin in recent years and describes how the definitions differ from each other. After an extensive literature review and the development of a concept matrix, it became apparent that a paradigm shift is taking place from the classic three-dimensional definition – physical and virtual space with a bidirectional connection – to an expanded five-dimensional definition – data and services as extended dimensions. In particular, the focus and developments in Information and Communication Technologies lead to the recognition of the dimensions of data and services as an independent dimension. In addition, further descriptions of the concept of the digital twin were assigned to the known dimensions.