A review on nanotechnology and its applications on fluid flow in agriculture and water recourses

Abstract

Nanotechnology is a very effective field of study with the potential to drastically change how we observe and create change in the field of agriculture, biomedicine, chemical, mass transfer and water management amongst others. The technology derived from the name, Nano, works with particles that can be observed on a nano scale. By working on this scale, unique problems can be solved creatively with more success. For example, fertilizer efficiency can be improved by using Nano-clays and zeolites to restore soil quality and fertility. Work on smart seeds scheduled for germination with Nano-polymer coating under favourable conditions is encouraging. Under precision farming inputs, crops are usually classified based on the nutrient requirements and with the assistance of a Nano-biosensor and a satellite system, the delivery of nutrients can be delivered precisely and can be monitored more accurately than existing methods. This also brings to attention the development of Nano-herbicides to tackle weed management. There exist studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of Nano-fertilizers to improve the productivity and efficiency of the nutrients, decrease soli toxicity, and minimize possible contamination related issues. The potential of nanotechnology for sustainable agriculture is therefore strong, especially in developing countries.