Climate Change Effects on Agricultural Production Systems in México

Abstract

In México, agricultural production greatly supports the country's economy, the productive systems of maguey (Agave salmiana), sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum), beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), corn (Zea mays) and different citrus species (Citrus sp.) stand out remarkably. These crops are the basis of food and as raw material for the production of alcoholic beverages bioproducts and exportation. The crops are adapted to the different environmental conditions of the country and for this same reason they have very varied yields; It is important to note that the maguey can be used from farming systems, but it is also obtained as a forest product. These two forms of production also present different yields. These variations, together with the fact that a significant percentage of the country’s agricultural systems depend on rainwater for irrigation cause a high level of uncertainty in production systems and low yields. This chapter presents a comprehensive review of the alteration of the environmental conditions that sustain Mexican crops and the decrease in agricultural yields due to climate change. As well as the socioeconomic and environmental impact caused by the growth of the agricultural frontier and of the irrigation systems to maintain conventional production. In addition, the chapter focuses on mitigation and transition strategies from waste crops as feedstock to biorefineries in a circular bioeconomy and various factors related to sustainability.