Tradisi Nikah Malem Songo di Tuban Jawa Timur : Studi Living Hadis

Abstract

This article aims to reveal the meaning of marriage during the ninth night of Ramadhan, especially in Tuban Regency. This tradition is highly esteemed among the people of Tuban and has been passed down through generations. "Nikah malem songo" is one of the traditions of Javanese Muslim communities in the Tuban region, and it is carried out on the 29th night of Ramadhan. This night is considered auspicious for conducting marriages, and as a result, dozens or even hundreds of prospective brides and grooms gather to solemnize their weddings in a single night. This research has two main focuses: firstly, to understand the significance of the practice of "nikah malem songo" among the Muslim community in Tuban Regency, and secondly, to examine the transmission of hadiths that contribute to the construction of this practice. This study is conducted as a field research and employs a qualitative approach. Data is collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis. Subsequently, data analysis is carried out in a descriptive-analytical manner. The research findings indicate that "nikah malem songo" serves as a critique by the community against Javanese calculations and negative perceptions of the month of Ramadhan. The community believes that getting married on the ninth night of Ramadan brings blessings, and this belief is based on the fact that these marriages are specifically held at the end of Ramadan, during the night of  lailatul qadar, which is considered the most blessed night. The preservation of the "nikah malem songo" tradition within the community is closely tied to the hadith texts that underpin it, such as the hadith about the marriage of the Prophet and Khadijah in the month of Syawal, the hadith emphasizing the virtues of Ramadhan, and the hadith regarding the excellence of lailatul qadar. [Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap makna pernikahan pada malem songo bulan Ramadhan, khususnya di Kabupaten Tuban. Tradisi begitu diistimewakan di kalangan masyarakat Tuban dan merupakan tradisi turun temurun. Nikah malem songo merupakan salah satu tradisi masyarakat Muslim Jawa di daerah Tuban yang dilakukan pada malam ke-29 bulan Ramadhan. Malam tersebut dianggap malam yang baik untuk melangsungkan pernikahan, sehingga dalam satu malam terdapat puluhan bahkan ratusan calon pengantin yang akan melangsungkan akad nikah. Terdapat dua fokus kajian dalam penelitian ini, yaitu bagaimana pemaknaan atas praktik pernikahan malem songo oleh masyarakat Muslim di kabupaten Tuban?, dan bagaimana transmisi hadis yang turut mengkonstruksi praktik tersebut?. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian lapangan dan dikaji menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nikah malem songo hadir sebagai kritik masyarakat terhadap perhitungan Jawa dan anggapan buruk terhadap bulan Ramadhan. Masyarakat berpandangan bahwa menikah di malam songo memiliki nilai keberkahan. Hal ini didasarkan pada pelaksanaannya yang dikhususkan pada akhir bulan Ramadhan di mana di dalamnya terdapat malam lailatul qadar, dan diyakini sebagai bulan yang paling dimuliakan. Nikah malem songo sebagai sebuah tradisi yang dilestarikan di masyarakat tidak terlepas dari teks-teks hadis yang melandasinya, seperti hadis tentang pernikahan Nabi dan Khadijah di bulan Syawal, hadis tentang keutamaan bulan ramadhan, dan hadis tentang kemuliaan lailatul qadar.]