A review of lactic acid bacteria isolated from marine animals: their species, isolation site and applications

Abstract

Marine animals are continuously exposed to a wide range of microorganisms present in their environment. Studies indicated that the microorganisms could be found in different parts of the animal’s body. There are different types of lactic acid bacteria in various isolation sites and studies have disclosed the presence of Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Vagococcus, Pediococcus, Weissella, Leuconostoc, and Carnobacterium. The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of these animals have been the subject of various studies. They were studied for their inhibitory activity against pathogens, tested for their antibiotic resistance, and searched for the production of bacteriocin which some are eventually made into commercial products. This study reviewed isolated LAB from marine animals to discover the better potential of LAB that could be implemented in different industries such as food and beverages, pharmaceutical, aquaculture, nutraceutical, and medical. This review assembled the species of LAB that were isolated from different parts of the marine animals’ bodies and their application.