Fetal MR imaging: Protocols and anatomy

Abstract

Fetal magnetic resonance imaging has seen dramatic evolution over the last 30 years with the development of ultrafast T2-weighted sequences and MRI technical factors that provide high-resolution images. Knowledge of these sequences and techniques is essential to optimize images and to provide accurate interpretation. In this chapter, we will discuss the approach to fetal MRI protocolling, including typical and troubleshooting sequences. Additionally, we will provide a stepwise approach to the anatomical assessment, highlighting the appearance of normal fetal anatomy for gestational age and comparing normal with a variety of pathologies where appropriate.