T FH cells progressively differentiate to regulate the germinal center response

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Abstract

Germinal center (GC) B cells undergo affinity selection, which depends on interactions with CD4+ follicular helper T cells (TFH cells). We found that TFH cells progressed through transcriptionally and functionally distinct stages and provided differential signals for GC regulation. They initially localized proximally to mutating B cells, secreted interleukin 21 (IL-21), induced expression of the transcription factor Bcl-6 and selected high-affinity B cell clones. As the GC response evolved, TFH cells extinguished IL-21 production and switched to IL-4 production, showed robust expression of the co-stimulatory molecule CD40L, and promoted the development of antibody-secreting B cells via upregulation of the transcription factor Blimp-1. Thus, TFH cells in the B cell follicle progressively differentiate through stages of localization, cytokine production and surface ligand expression to 'fine tune' the GC reaction.

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Weinstein, J. S., Herman, E. I., Lainez, B., Licona-Limón, P., Esplugues, E., Flavell, R., & Craft, J. (2016). T FH cells progressively differentiate to regulate the germinal center response. Nature Immunology, 17(10), 1197–1205. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.3554

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