Renovascular hypertension

Abstract

Renovascular hypertension is among the most common causes of secondary hypertension worldwide. In fact, renal artery stenosis, especially the one due to atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease, is increasing among the population. The pathophysiology of renovascular hypertension is complex and involves multiple mechanisms. Synthesis and secretion of renin and angiotensin II, stimulation of sympathetic nervous system, endothelial dysfunction, increased aldosterone synthesis, oxidative stress and increased proinflammatory cytokine release, constitute major pathways in the pathophysiology of renovascular hypertension. This chapter is an updated mechanistic approach to the molecular basis of pathophysiology of renovascular hypertension. Moreover, it presents a structured perspective for diagnoses and therapy in this pathology.