Indonesian Throughflow Intensity and Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly since the Last Deglaciation: An Overview

Abstract

Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) is a low latitude pathway connecting the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean via Indonesian Sea. It plays an important role in the thermohaline circulation, directly impacting the budget, mass, heat, and freshwater of the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, further impacting the global climate phenomena. Climate phenomena include sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the Pacific Ocean is known as El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). ENSO has a global economic impact on countries adjacent to the Pacific. For example, Indonesia experiences drought during El Nino. Therefore, it is necessary to understand how oceanic circulation influences the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean via Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). A Long time series of ocean data, including SST and salinity in the past, is required to better understand the variability of ITF intensity. This paper presents an overview of the previous study on the ITF intensity and its influences on climate since the last deglaciation to Holocene in the Makassar Strait