PARADIPLOMACY PRACTICE IN INDONESIA: A LESSON FROM WEST NUSA TENGGARA PROVINCE IN 2013-2019

Abstract

This article attempts to reveal the factors inflicting the decision-making process of paradiplomacy in West Nusa Tenggara within six years between 2013 and 2018, including the problems faced by them under the administration of two governors, Tuan Guru Bajang and Dr. Zulkieflimansyah. Utilizing rational choice theory in the form of qualitative-descriptive research, various field findings and kinds of literature indicate one primary matter. It is that external and internal factors consisting of a combination of individual and bureaucratic rationalities and influence play significant roles in driving the trend of halal tourism-based paradiplomacy by Tuan Guru Bajang and education and investment-based one by Dr. Zulkieflimansyah. There are attempts from both governors and their administration to achieve the full potential of both paradiplomacy policies. the policies, however, are not flawless as errors and issues due to economic disparity, development rate inequality, and lack of proper management of information systems become points of critics by many parts of the society, both public and official.