Bone overview

Abstract

This chapter is intended for readers who do not have a background in bone biomechanics. It gives a description of bone, highlighting its complex and hierarchical structure, starting at the macroscopic scale from an entire bone, such as the femur, down to the nanoscopic scale and its basic components: the collagen fibers and the mineral crystals. Then, some definitions and concepts of biomechanics are given in relation to the hierarchical structure of bone. The goal is to define the main parameters that can be used to assess bone mechanical competence. Some mechanical features are accessible using the quantitative ultrasound (QUS) technologies that are presented in subsequent chapters. Finally, the clinical context in which QUS has been developed is described. Diagnosis and follow-up of osteoporosis is a major public health problem in which QUS can play a role.