Coronary lesion morphology and prognosis in young males with myocardial infarction with or without familial hypercholesterolemia

Abstract

The present study examined the angiographic characteristics and prognosis of young males under 40 years of age with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). The study group was divided into an FH group (n = 16) and a non-FH group (n = 27). Lesion morphology was classified as complex or smooth. Overall 36 patients were followed up for an average of 9.4 years. The frequency of angiographic normal or non-obstructive culprit lesions was significantly higher in the non-FH group (p < 0.01). In contrast, the incidence of complex or totally occlusive lesions was higher in the FH group (p < 0.01). At 10-year follow-up, survival rates from cardiac death (FH 85% vs non-FH 100%, p = 0.06), from AMI (FH 43% vs non-FH 80%, p < 0.05), and from any ischemic event at a new lesion (FH 9% vs non-FH 67%, p < 0.01) were all reduced in the FH group. These results suggest that the mechanism of AMI in young male patients with FH differs from that in similar aged patients without FH, and that the overall prognosis of these patients is less favorable.