An efficient one-pot multicomponent synthesis of dihydropyridines by using succinic acid as mild organocatalyst

Abstract

A simple, economic and mild protocol was achieved for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines catalyzed by succinic acid as a mild and effective organocatalyst at 80 C. This method furnishes better yield and associated with advantages like simple work up procedure without any toxic side products. The reusability of catalyst was also investigated. The method avoids use of toxic solvents and expensive catalysts and proceeds efficiently with the use of mild organocatalyst which makes the protocol environmentally benign.