Lacrimal Trauma and Its Management

Abstract

Injury of the lacrimal drainage apparatus, usually in the form of canalicular lacerations, are relatively common in periorbital and facial trauma. This is most frequently encountered in otherwise young healthy males, although it may be seen in young children, the women, and the elderly. Less frequently encountered is injury of the nasolacrimal duct, usually in midfacial and naso-orbit-ethmoid (NOE) fractures. The incidence of lacrimal system injuries has been reported to vary from 7 to 20 % depending upon the mechanism of the injury and reporting. Failure to recognize and manage lacrimal injuries is one of the common complications of eyelid/midfacial injuries. We shall herewith outline the predisposing factors and evaluation of the patient and discuss details of principles and mechanisms of management including long-term follow-up.