Abiotic Stress-Induced Morphological and Anatomical Changes in Plants

Abstract

Plant abiotic stress responses include changes in both physiological and biochemical processes as well as in anatomical and developmental patterns. Despite the diversity in plant species and abiotic stresses, a generic “stress-induced” response at the plant anatomical level is reported which is mainly comprises three components: inhibition of cell elongation, localized stimulation of cell division, and alterations in cell differentiation status. This result in changes in anatomical characteristics of basic plants organs mainly roots, xylem, and leaves which contribute in adaptation to unfavorable environmental conditions. Taking into consideration that drought consist the most important environmental constraint to plant growth and production, this chapter refers to the holistic approach of anatomical changes at both organ and organism level under limiting soil water availability. The agronomical signifi cance and perspectives of this stressinduced anatomical alterations are discussed.