Internal migration of the ‘creative class’ in Germany

Abstract

This paper tests three popular hypotheses related to migration patterns of Richard Florida’s ‘creative class’. Applying micro-data, we calculate net migration rates for creative class members for all German planning regions and use a combination of principal component analysis and multiple regressions to explain them by determinants suggested by Florida. We use a unique measure to determine Florida’s gay index, use net migration rates and distinguish between creative class subgroups. The results partially support Florida, but hard location factors are much more important than tolerance, openness or amenities. Accordingly, we develop recommendations for numerous policy initiatives supporting creative industries in Germany.