Development of Engage, Research, and Present (ERP) Instructional Model to Promote HOTs and 21st Century Moral Values: A Fuzzy Delphy Method

Abstract

Higher order thinking skill (HOTs) and 21stcentury moral values are pivotal skills to be mastered by college students in todays' digitalized era. This study,therefore aims to develop am an instructional model called Engage, Research, and Present (ERP) model. This provides opportunities for college students owning HOTs and 21st moral values. The Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) was employed to determine consensus among a panel of several experts. They come from educational and psychological experts (i.e. researchers) and teachers who have experience at least 10 years. They should evaluate the ERP model encompassing 12 sub phases. Five sub-phases are included in Engage and Research, and two sub-phases encompassed in Present. Based on FDM approach, ERP instructional model provides several activities identified facilitating HOTs and 21st century moral values in science and social science learning.