The Role of Non-State Actors in Conflict Resolution: A Comparative Analysis of Peacebuilding Efforts in Colombia and Nepal

Abstract

This paper examines the role of non-state actors in conflict resolution through a comparative analysis of peacebuilding efforts in Colombia and Nepal. Drawing upon the experiences of NGOs, civil society organizations, religious institutions, and community-based groups, the study explores similarities, differences, and lessons learned from these contexts. In Colombia, non-state actors have confronted political violence and drug trafficking, while in Nepal, they have addressed ethnic tensions and Maoist insurgency. Despite distinct challenges, non-state actors in both countries have contributed to fostering dialogue, promoting reconciliation, and advocating for human rights. The analysis highlights the importance of inclusive approaches, dialogue facilitation, and community resilience in promoting sustainable peace. Policy implications and recommendations emphasize the need for supportive legal frameworks, conflict prevention strategies, and inclusive peace processes to empower non-state actors and advance peacebuilding efforts.