Integrated natural resource management in India through participatory integrated watershed management

Abstract

In addition to the dynamic and inter-linked ecological and hydrological cycles that occur in nature, natural resource management also deals with various stakeholders and their needs, policies and economic implications. This resulted in the concept of integrated natural resource management (INRM), a people-centric approach evolved through the convergence of research in diverse areas such as sustainable land use, participatory planning, integrated watershed management and adaptive management. This chapter deals with two principal components of INRM, viz. soil and water. In order to reverse the process of land and water degradation, it is imperative to follow integrated soil and water management (ISWM) strategies. Such a strategy is the focal point of participatory integrated watershed management (PIWM). Watershed-based approach attempts to bring out the best possible balance in environment between natural resources and living beings as both are interdependent. This holistic approach provides an ideal tool for planning and implementation of integrated soil and water conservation measures from the highest point to the outlet of the watershed, covering barren hill slopes, marginal lands, common lands, private lands, eroded gullies and drainage lines in order to prevent the degradation of natural resources. Some examples of adoption of INRM in different parts of the country through PIWM have been provided at the end of this chapter.