Road Intersection Coordination Scheme for Mixed Traffic (Human Driven and Driver-Less Vehicles): A Systematic Review

Abstract

Autonomous vehicles (AV) are emerging with enormous potentials to solve many challenging road traffic problems. The AV emergence leads to a paradigm shift in the road traffic system, making the penetration of autonomous vehicles fast and its co-existence with human-driven cars inevitable. The migration from the traditional driving to the intelligent driving system with AV’s gradual deployment needs supporting technology to address mixed traffic systems problems; mixed driving behaviour in a car-following model, variation in vehicle type control means, the impact of a proportion of AV in traffic mixed traffic, and many more. The migration to fully AV will solve many traffic problems: desire to reclaim travel and commuting time, driving comfort, and accident reduction. Motivated by the above facts, this paper presents an extensive review of road intersection traffic management techniques with a classification matrix of different traffic management strategies and technologies that could effectively describe a mix of human and autonomous vehicles. It explores the existing traffic control strategies, analyse their compatibility in a mixed traffic environment. Then review their drawback and build on it for the proposed robust mix of traffic management schemes. Though many traffic control strategies have been in existence, the analysis presented in this paper gives new insights to the readers on the applications of the cell reservation strategy in a mixed traffic environment. The cell assignment and reservation method are the operations systems associated with the air traffic control systems used to coordinate aircraft landing. The proposed method identifies the cross collision point (CCP) in a 4-way road intersection and develops an optimisation strategy to assign vehicles to the CCP sequentially and efficiently. The traffic flow efficiency uses a hybrid Gipps car-following model to describe a 2-dimensional traffic behaviour involved in a mixed traffic system. Though many traffic control strategies have been in existence, the car-following model has shown to be very effective for optimal traffic flow performance. The main challenge with the car-following model is that it only controls traffic in the longitudinal pattern, which is not suitable in describing mixed traffic behaviour.