Analisis spasial dan faktor risiko tuberkulosis paru di Kecamatan Sidikalang, Kabupaten Dairi - Sumatera Utara tahun 2018

Abstract

Background: Spatial analysis of TB cases is important to determine the distribution of cases and diffusion patterns so that appropriate allocation of health resources can be carried out. Spatial analysis has never been carried out in Sidikalang Sub District. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to map the distribution of pulmonary TB cases, to find out whether there was a cases clustering, buffer cases of pulmonary TB with health centers, distribution patterns, and the correlation between risk factors with the incidence of pulmonary TB. Methods: This research was an quantitative study with a matched case control design. The population is all patients with pulmonary TB and non pulmonary TB patients in Sidikalang. The mapping sample was 78 peoples and research sample was 116 peoples (58 cases and 58 controls).The sampling technique is purposive sampling. Data were obtained through interviews and position coordinates with Garmin Montana 680 GPS. Spatial analysis using SatScan v9.6, and statistical analysis with Epi Info 3.5.4, and overlays with QuantumGIS 3.0. Results: One cluster of pulmonary TB was found in the Sub-district of Sidikalang. A total of 72 (92.3%) cases were located at a distance of > 1 km from the puskesmas. The diffusion pattern of pulmonary TB was contagious. Working status, nutritional status, smoking status, and contact history were found to be associated with the incidence of pulmonary TB. District health office was expected to to improve healthy lifestyle promotion especially for improving family nutrition, controlling smoking behavior, and maintaining a healthy environment. Conclusions: This spatial analysis found important evidence for the District Health Office in determining priority areas for pulmonary TB prevention in Sidikalang Sub-district. Optimizing screening for suspected TB, intensifying home visits and increasing clean and healthy lifestyle activities are key eradication of tuberculosis.