Tunneling nanotubes: Intercellular conduits for direct cell-to-cell communication in cancer

Abstract

Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are actin-based cytoplasmic extensions that directly transfer cellular cargo between connected cells. Intercellular transport of signaling molecules and regulatory RNAs are an integral part of defining the tumor microenvironment and intratumoral heterogeneity. The TNT-based cellular mode of molecular signaling affects multiple cell functions including cellular reprograming, tumor evasion, and chemotherapy resistance. In this chapter we will discuss various concepts of intercellular communication in cancer via TNTs and highlight the potential role played by TNTs in cancer pathobiology.