The application of “-omics” technologies for the classification and identification of animals

Abstract

The correct classification of organisms based on specific rules is essential in biological sciences. Traditionally, morphological characteristics such as size, shape, color, and anatomical structures have been used to identify and classify species. However, as consequence of the tremendous advances in molecular technologies during the last years, new approaches have become available for taxonomic research. Various modern high-throughput technologies allow the detailed characterization of the genome, proteome, metabolome as well as the morphology of an organism. Furthermore, the open access storage of such comprehensive data sets as part of an uprising digital cybertaxonomy enables highly fascinating digital dimensions for modern taxonomy, including the buildup of virtual collections as well as data sets for 3D printing techniques that can be used to replicate complete voucher specimens or at least important diagnostic characters. As a result of these advances, we are now able to document, describe, and identify species much more comprehensively than just a few years ago. In this review we provide an overview about the technical advances in taxonomic research in recent years and discuss their power and limitations.