Local anaesthetics

Abstract

Local anaesthetics are widely used in clinical practice. They comprise a group of weak organic bases, which selectively block sodium channels in the nerve cell membrane, thus blocking transmission of nociception by impeding depolarisation of the nerve. Local anaesthetics are generally safe and readily used and provide reduction of pain during biopsies, invasive procedures and surgery. This is an updated review of pharmacology and utilisation of local anaesthetics, as well as an overview of adjuvants, allergies, and adverse effects.