Concussion in youth sports

Abstract

Concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury caused by rotational acceleration of the brain following a direct trauma to the head or a force transmitted to the head after injury to the trunk or spine. Concussion results in disturbance of normal brain function, often causing symptoms such headache, dizziness, nausea, and problems with memory, concentration, balance, and sleep. Physical and cognitive rest are the foundations of concussion management, and for most athletes, symptoms resolve within a few days to weeks. Unfortunately, some athletes have prolonged symptoms and may require additional treatments such as physical therapy, medications, and psychological support. There are no proven methods to consistently reduce the risk of concussion. Treatment protocols continue to evolve as our understanding of concussion increases.